5.11. Display Filters

This command shows a dialog window when executed. This window can be used to manage the display filters and their options. Display filters are not to be confused with the filters in the filters-menu. Display filters do not alter the image data, but only one display of it. You can imagine display filters like big panes before your screen. They change your perception of the image. This can be useful for things like soft proofing prints, controlling the color management but also simulation of color deficient vision.

5.11.1. Activating the Command

You can access this command from the image menubar through ViewDisplay Filters….

5.11.2. Description of the Display Filters Dialog

Obrázek 16.54. The Color Display Filters dialog

The „Color Display Filters“ dialog

This dialog has two small selectboxes. The left selectbox displays the Available Filters. You can move a filter to the right selectbox by selecting it and clicking on the right arrow button. The Active Filters window on the right displays filters you have chosen and which will be applied if the adjacent box is checked. You can move filters from the right selectbox to the left selectbox by using the left arrow button. If you select a filter by clicking on its name, its options are displayed below the two selectboxes, in the Configure Selected Filter area.

5.11.3. Vidění s barevnou poruchou

The images you create, we hope, will be seen by many people on many different systems. The image which looks so wonderful on your screen may look somewhat different to people with sight deficiencies or on a screen with different settings from yours. Some information might not even be visible.

Obrázek 16.55. Description of the Color Deficient Vision dialog

Description of the „Color Deficient Vision“ dialog

5.11.3.1. Options
Color Deficiency Type

In this drop-down menu you can select from among:

Protanopia[9] (insensitivity to red)

Protanopia is a visual deficiency of the color red. It's the well-known daltonism (red-green color blindness). Daltonism occurs fairly frequently in the population.

Protanopia is actually more complex than this; a person with this problem cannot see either red or green, although he is still sensitive to yellow and blue. In addition, he has a loss of luminance perception and the hues shift toward the short wavelengths.

Deuteranopia (insensitivity to green)

With deuteranopia, the person has a deficiency in green vision. Deuteranopia is actually like protanopia, because the person has a loss of red and green perception, but he has no luminance loss or hue shift.

Tritanopie (necitlivost na modrou)

With tritanopia, the person is deficient in blue and yellow perception, although he is still sensitive to red and green. He lacks some perception of luminance, and the hues shift toward the long wavelengths.

5.11.3.2. Příklady

Obrázek 16.56. Example of protanopia

Example of protanopia

Original image

Example of protanopia

A red-blind person cannot see the red (255,0,0) text on a black (0,0,0) background.


Obrázek 16.57. Examples of the three types of vision deficiencies in one image

Examples of the three types of vision deficiencies in one image

Normal vision

Examples of the three types of vision deficiencies in one image

Protanopia

Examples of the three types of vision deficiencies in one image

Deuteranopia; in deuteranopia, yellow is shifted toward red.

Examples of the three types of vision deficiencies in one image

Tritanopia; in tritanopia, green is slightly represented in the blue range.


5.11.4. Gamma is used as an exponent (power) in the correction equation. Gamma compression (where gamma < 1) is used to encode linear luminance or RGB values into color signals or digital file values, and gamma expansion (where gamma > 1) is the decoding process, and usually occurs where the current-to-voltage function for a CRT is non-linear.

Obrázek 16.58. The Gamma dialog

The „Gamma“ dialog


The correspondence between electrical intensity and color brightness is not exact and it depends upon the device (the camera, the scanner, the monitor, etc.). Gamma is a coefficient used to correct this correspondence. Your image must be visible in both dark and bright areas, even if it is displayed on a monitor with too much luminence or not enough. The Gamma Display Filter allows you to get an idea of the appearance of your image under these conditions.

[Tip] Tip

In case you want not only to change the gamma of the current display, but the change the gamma within the image itself, you can find a description in 8.10 – „Levels“.

5.11.5. Kontrast

Obrázek 16.59. The Contrast dialog

The „Contrast“ dialog


Here, we are back in the medical domain. Contrast Sensitivity is the capacity of the visual system to distinguish slight differences in contrast. Some people with cataracts (which means that the lens has opaque crystals that scatter light over the retina) or retinal disease (for instance, due to diabetes, which destroys the rods and cones) have a deficiency in sensitivity to contrast: for example, they would have difficulties distinguishing spots on a dress.

If you are interested in this subject, you can browse the Web for contrast sensitivity.

5.11.5.1. Options
Contrast Cycles

With the Contrast Filter, you can see the image as if you were suffering from cataracts. You may have to increase the contrast of the image so that your grandmother can see it well. In most cases, only very low values of the Contrast Cycles parameter are of interest. Higher values create a side-effect which doesn't interest us here: if you increase the luminosity value above 255, the complementary color appears.

5.11.6. Clip Warning

Obrázek 16.60. The Clip Warning dialog

The „Clip Warning“ dialog

This filter allows to visualize underexposed and overexposed areas of a photo with user-configurable colors. For now, it’s mostly geared towards images where colors are stored with floating point precision. You will mostly benefit from this, if you work on 16-/32-bit per channel float images such as EXR and TIFF.

5.11.6.1. Options
Show shadows

Enable visualization for underexposed pixels (less than 0 in 32-bit float mode).

Shadows color

User-configurable color that will be used to fill underexposed pixels.

Show highlights

Enable visualization for overexposed pixels (more than 1 in 32-bit float mode).

Highlights color

User-configurable color that will be used to fill overexposed pixels.

Show bogus

Enable visualization for not-a-number (NaN) pixels, only visible when there is a division by zero error and suchlike.

Bogus color

User-configurable color that will be used to fill NaN pixels.

Include alpha component

When enabled, include the alpha component in the warning.

Include transparent pixels

When enabled, include fully transparent pixels in the warning.



[9] Greek: proto: first (color in the RGB Color System): an: negation; op: eye, vision.