Tabla de contenidos
El GIMP capaz de leer y escribir una gran variedad de archivos en formatos gráficos. Con la excepsión del tipo de archivo nativo XCF, la gestión de formatos se realiza mediante complementos (plug-ins). Esto significa que es relativamente fácil extender al GIMP para que admita otros formatos de archivo cuando surje la necesidad.
Ningún tipo de archivo es bueno para ser usado en todos los casos. Esta parte de la documentación lo ayudará a entender las ventajas y desventajas de cada tipo.
Cuando haya terminado de trabajar con una imagen, querrá guardar los resultados. (de hecho, es a menudo una buena idea guardar también en etapas intermedias: GIMP es un programa completo y robusto, pero hemos escuchado algunos rumores, posiblemente apócrifos, de que en raras y misteriosas ocasiones se lo ha visto fallar). La mayoría de los formatos de archivo que el GIMP puede abrir, también pueden ser usados para guardar. Hay, sin embargo, un formato de archivo que es especial: XCF es el formato nativo del GIMP, y es útil porque guarda todo lo que hay en una imagen (bueno, casi todo, no guarda la información de “deshacer” ). Por eso, el formato XCF es especialmente útil para guardar resultados intermedios de trabajos que van a volver a ser abiertos en el GIMP. Los archivos XCF no pueden ser leídos por la mayoría de otros programas que muestran imágenes, así que una vez que haya terminado, probablemente también querrá guardar la imagen en un formato usado más ampliamente, como JPEG, PNG, TIFF, etc.
There are several commands for saving images. A list, and information on how to use them, can be found in the section covering the File Menu.
GIMP allows you to save the images you create in a wide variety of formats. It is important to realize that the only format capable of saving all of the information in an image, including layers, transparency, etc., is GIMP's native XCF format. Every other format preserves some image properties and loses others. When you save an image, GIMP tries to let you know about this, but basically it is up to you to understand the capabilities of the format you choose.
As stated above, there is no file format, with the exception of GIMP's native XCF format, that is capable of storing all the data in a GIMP image. When you ask to save an image in a format that will not completely represent it, GIMP notifies you of this, tells you what kind of information will be lost, and asks you whether you would like to “export” the image in a form that the file type can handle. Exporting an image does not modify the image itself, so you do not lose anything by doing this. See Export file.
|
Nota |
|---|---|
|
When you close an image (possibly by quitting GIMP), you are warned if the image is "dirty"; that is, if it has been changed without subsequently being saved. Saving an image in any file format will cause the image to be considered "not dirty", even if the file format does not represent all of the information from the image. |
|
Aviso |
|---|---|
|
Please note, that the GIF file format is incapable of storing some rather basic image informations like print resolution. If you care for these properties, you should consider a different file format like PNG. |
When this option is checked, the image will be displayed progressively on the Web page. It was interesting when computers and modems were slow, as it allowed to stop loading an image of no interest.
Beware of do not insert characters outside the ASCII range, because of the GIF format supports 7-bits ASCII texts only, that GIMP can't provide. If you insert inadvertently a non-ASCII char, the option will be automatically disabled.
When this option is checked the animation will start playing again repeatedly until you stop it.
You can set the delay, in millisecondes, between frames if it has not been set before. In this case, you can modify every delay in the Layer Dialog.
If this has not been set before, you can set how frames will be superimposed. You can select among three options :
I don't care : you can use this option if all your layers are opaque. Layers will overwrite what is beneath.
Cumulative Layers (combine) : previous frames will not be deleted when a new one is displayed.
One frame per layer (replace) : previous frames will be deleted before displaying a new frame.
Los archivos JPEG usualmente tienen la extensión .jpg, .JPG, o .jpeg. Es un formato ampliamente utilizado, porque comprime imágenes muy eficientemente, minimizando la pérdida de calidad. Ningún otro formato se le acerca a lograr el mismo nivel de compresión. No obstante, no soporta transparencia, ni múltiples cuadros. Por esta razón, guardar imágenes en este formato normalmente implica exportarlas desde otro.
El algoritmo JPEG es bastante complejo, y en él intervienen un gran número de opciones, cuyo significado está más allá del objetivo de esta documentación. A menos que seas un experto en JPEG, el parámetro de calidad es probablemente el único que te será útil.
|
Atención |
|---|---|
|
Luego de que guardes una imagen como un archivo JPEG, ésta ya no será considerada como "modificada" por el GIMP, así que a menos que realizes cambios en la misma, no obtendrás un aviso de precaución si la cierras. Como JPEG tiene pérdida de calidad y no admite transparencia ni múltiples cuadros, algo de la información de la imagen puede perderse. Si lo que quieres es guardar toda la información de la imagen, usa el formato nativo del GIMP, XCF. |
Al guardar un archivo en formato JPEG verás un diálogo que te permite ajustar el nivel de calidad, que tiene un rango de 0 a 100. Valores por sobre 95 no son necesarios generalmente. La calidad por defecto es 85 y usualmente produce excelentes resultados, pero en algunos casos es posible colocar la calidad sustancialmente baja sin que la imagen se vea notablemente afectada. Puedes probar el resultado de diferentes calidades activando la opción “Mostrar vista previa en la ventana de la imagen” en el diálogo. Esto hace que cada cambio en cualquier parámetro del diálogo JPEG sea visualizado en la imagen en pantalla (esto no altera la imagen, sino que vuelve al estado original una vez que el diálogo es cerrado).
|
Nota |
|---|---|
|
Please note, that the numbers for the JPEG quality level have a different meaning. Saving with a level of 80 in GIMP is not necessarily comparable with saving with a level of 80 in an different application. |
Checking this option causes each change in quality (or any other JPEG parameter) to be shown in the image display. (This does not alter the image, though: it reverts back to its original state when the JPEG dialog is closed.)
Algo de información sobre las opciones avanzadas:
If you enable this option, the optimization of entropy encoding parameters will be used.
With this option enabled the chunks of the image will be inserted in a certain order in the file. This is done with the intent to give a progressive refinement of the image appearance during a slow connection web download, similar and with the same purpose of the corresponding option present in the GIF format too. The downside of enabling this option is, that you get slightly larger files.
Los archivos JPEG que provienen de muchas cámaras digitales contienen información extra denominada datos EXIF. Ésta especifica los ajustes de la cámara y otra información concerniente a las circunstancias en que la fotografía fue tomada. La habilidad del GIMP para administrar datos EXIF depende de la disponibilidad de una biblioteca llamada “libexif” en el sistema. Esta biblioteca no viene empaquetada con el GIMP. Si GIMP fue construído con capacidad libexif, los datos EXIF son preservados si abres un archivo JPEG, trabajas con la imagen y luego la guardas. Los datos EXIF no se alteran de ninguna manera si realizas esto (lo que significa que algunos campos de los datos EXIF dejarán de ser válidos). Si el GIMP no es construído con capacidad libexif, todavía puedes abrir imágenes con estos datos, pero los mismos no estarán presentes si la imagen abierta es luego guardada.
This option lets you save a thumbnail with the image.
If you enable this option, the meta data of the image will be saved as XMP-structure within the file.
If a particular quality setting (or “quantization table” ) was attached to the image when it was loaded, then this option allows you to use them instead of the standard ones.
If you have only made a few changes to the image, then re-using the same quality setting will give you almost the same quality and file size as the original image. This will minimize the losses caused by the quantization step, compared to what would happen if you used different quality setting.
If the quality setting found in the original file are not better than your default quality settings, then the option “Use quality settings from original image” will be available but not enabled. This ensures that you always get at least the minimum quality specified in your defaults. If you did not make major changes to the image and you want to save it using the same quality as the original, then you can do it by enabling this option.
Compression can create artefacts. By using this option, you can smooth the image when saving, reducing them. But your image becomes somewhat blurred.
The image file can include some markers which allow to segment it. If loading this image in a Web page is broken off, loading can resume from the following marker.
Human eye is not sensitive in the same way all over color spectrum. Compression can use this to consider as identical slightly different colors. Three methods are available :
1x1,1x1,1x1 (best quality) : preserves borders and contrasting colors, but compression is less.
2x1,1x1,1x1 (4:2:2)
1x2,1x1,1x1
2x2,1x1,1x1 (smallest file) : important compression; suits images with weak borders but tends to denature colors.
DCT es “transformada discreta del coseno” y es el primer paso que realiza el algoritmo JPEG para ir del dominio espacial al de frecuencias. Las opciones son “coma flotante”, “entero” (por defecto), y “entero rápido” . El método de coma flotante es mucho más preciso que el método entero, pero a la vez es mucho más lento a menos que tu computadora tenga hardware que trabaje rápido con estos números. Además nota que los resultados del método de coma flotante pueden variar un poco de una computadora a otra, mientras que los métodos de enteros deberían dar el mismo resultado siempre. El método de entero rápido es mucho menos preciso que los otros dos.
float : The float method is very slightly more accurate than the integer method, but is much slower unless your machine has very fast floating-point hardware. Also note that the results of the floating-point method may vary slightly across machines, while the integer methods should give the same results everywhere.
integer (the default): This method is faster than “float”, but not as accurate.
fast integer : The fast integer method is much less accurate than the other two.
In this text box, you can enter a comment which will be saved with the image.
When this option is checked, the image is progressively displayed on a Web page. So, slow computer users can stop downloading if they are not interested.
If your image has many transparency levels, the Internet browsers which recognize only two levels, will use the background color of your Toolbox instead. But Internet Explorer up to version 6 did not use these informations.
Informations about your monitor will be saved, so that the image will be displayed in the same way on other computers, provided that the display program supports these informations, what is rarely the case.
No interest. Images with layers are flattened before saving to PNG and layer offset is taken in account.
Save the image resolution, in dpi (dot per inch).
That will be the date of last saving.
You can read this comment in the Image Properties.
With this option is checked, the color values are saved even if the pixels are completely transparent.
Since compression is not lossy, the only reason to use a compression level less than 9 would be a too long time to compress file on a slow computer. Nothing to fear from decompression: it is as quick whatever the compression level.
If you click on this button, your settings will be saved and can be used by other savings by clicking on the .
|
Nota |
|---|---|
|
Since PNG format supports indexed images, you have better reduce the number of colors before saving if you want to have the lightest file for the Web. See Sección 6.6, “Modo indexado”. Computers work on 8 bits blocks named “Byte”. A byte allows 256 colors. Reducing the number of colors below 256 is not useful: a byte will be used anyway and the file size will not be less. More, this “PNG8” format, like GIF, uses only one bit for transparency; only two transparency levels are possible, transparent or opaque. If you want PNG transparency to be fully displayed by Internet Explorer, you can use the AlphaImageLoader DirectX filter in the code of your Web page. See Microsoft Knowledge Base [MSKB-294714]. Please note, that this should not be necessary for InternetExplorer 7 and above. |
This option give you the opportunity to choose the compression method that is appropriate for your image:
None : fast method, but resulting in a big file.
LZW : The image will be compressed using the “Lempel-Ziv-Welch” algorithm, a lossless compression technique. This is an old method, still efficient and fast. More informations at [WKPD-LZW].
Pack Bits : is a fast, simple compression scheme for run-length encoding of data. Apple introduced the PackBits format with the release of MacPaint on the Macintosh computer. A PackBits data stream consists of packets of one byte of header followed by data. (Source: [WKPD-PACKBITS])
Deflate: It is a lossless data compression algorithm that uses a combination of the LZ77 algorithm and Huffman coding. It is also used in Zip, Gzip and PNG file formats. Source: Wikipedia.
JPEG: this is a very good compression algorithm but lossy.
CCITT Group 3 fax; CCITT Group 4 fax
|
Nota |
|---|---|
|
These options can only be selected, if the image is in indexed mode and reduced to two colors. |
With this option the color values are saved even if the pixels are completely transparent.
In this text box, you can enter a comment which will be associated with the image.