| 3.4. Your First Script-Fu Script | ||
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3. A Script-Fu Tutorial |  |
| 3.4. Your First Script-Fu Script | ||
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3. A Script-Fu Tutorial | |
Do you not need to stop and catch your breath? No? Well then, let's proceed with your fourth lesson — your first Script-Fu Script.
One of the most common operations I perform in GIMP is creating a box with some text in it for a web page, a logo or whatever. However, you never quite know how big to make the initial image when you start out. You don't know how much space the text will fill with the font and font size you want.
The Script-Fu Master (and student) will quickly realize that this problem can easily be solved and automated with Script-Fu.
We will, therefore, create a script, called Text Box, which creates an image correctly sized to fit snugly around a line of text the user inputs. We'll also let the user choose the font, font size and text color.
Up until now, we've been working in the Script-Fu Console. Now, however, we're going to switch to editing script text files.
Where you place your scripts is a matter of preference — if you have access to GIMP's default script directory, you can place your scripts there. However, I prefer keeping my personal scripts in my own script directory, to keep them separate from the factory-installed scripts.
In the .gimp-2.8 directory that
GIMP made off of your home directory, you should
find a directory called scripts.
GIMP will automatically look in your
.gimp-2.8 directory for a
scripts directory, and add the
scripts in this directory to the
Script-Fu database. You should place your personal scripts here.
Every Script-Fu script defines at least one function, which is the script's main function. This is where you do the work.
Every script must also register with the procedural database, so you can access it within GIMP.
We'll define the main function first:
(define (script-fu-text-box inText inFont inFontSize inTextColor))
Here, we've defined a new function called
script-fu-text-box that
takes four parameters, which will later correspond to some text, a
font, the font size, and the text's color. The function is currently
empty and thus does nothing. So far, so good — nothing new,
nothing fancy.
Scheme's naming conventions seem to prefer lowercase letters with hyphens, which I've followed in the naming of the function. However, I've departed from the convention with the parameters. I like more descriptive names for my parameters and variables, and thus add the "in" prefix to the parameters so I can quickly see that they're values passed into the script, rather than created within it. I use the prefix "the" for variables defined within the script.
It's GIMP convention to name your script functions
script-fu-abc,
because then when they're listed in the procedural database, they'll
all show up under Script-Fu when you're listing the functions. This
also helps distinguish them from plug-ins.
Now, let's register the function with GIMP. This is
done by calling the function script-fu-register.
When GIMP reads in a
script, it will execute this function, which registers the
script with the procedural database. You can place this
function call wherever you wish in your script, but I usually
place it at the end, after all my other code.
Here's the listing for registering this function (I will explain all its parameters in a minute):
(script-fu-register
"script-fu-text-box" ;func name
"Text Box" ;menu label
"Creates a simple text box, sized to fit\
around the user's choice of text,\
font, font size, and color." ;description
"Michael Terry" ;author
"copyright 1997, Michael Terry;\
2009, the GIMP Documentation Team" ;copyright notice
"October 27, 1997" ;date created
"" ;image type that the script works on
SF-STRING "Text" "Text Box" ;a string variable
SF-FONT "Font" "Charter" ;a font variable
SF-ADJUSTMENT "Font size" '(50 1 1000 1 10 0 1)
;a spin-button
SF-COLOR "Color" '(0 0 0) ;color variable
)
(script-fu-menu-register "script-fu-text-box" "<Image>/File/Create/Text")
If you save these functions in a text file with a
.scm suffix
in your script directory, then choose
→ → ,
this new script will appear as
→ → → .
If you invoke this new script, it won't do anything, of course, but you can view the prompts you created when registering the script (more information about what we did is covered next).
Finally, if you invoke the Procedure Browser ( → ), you'll notice that our script now appears in the database.
To register our script with GIMP, we call the
function script-fu-register, fill in the seven
required parameters and add our script's own parameters, along with a
description and default value for each parameter.
The Required Parameters
The name of the function we defined. This is the function called when our script is invoked (the entry-point into our script). This is necessary because we may define additional functions within the same file, and GIMP needs to know which of these functions to call. In our example, we only defined one function, text-box, which we registered.
The location in the menu where
the script will be inserted. The exact location of the script is
specified like a path in Unix, with the root of the path being
image menu as <Image>.[6]
If your script does not operate on an existing image (and thus creates a new image, like our Text Box script will), you'll want to insert it in the image window menu, which you can access through the image menu bar, by right-clicking the image window, by clicking the menu button icon at the left-top corner of the image window, or by pressing F10.
If your script is intended to work on an image being edited, you'll want to insert it in the image window menu. The rest of the path points to the menu lists, menus and sub-menus. Thus, we registered our Text Box script in the menu of the menu of the menu.[7] ( → → → ).
If you notice, the Text sub-menu in the File/Create menu wasn't there when we began — GIMP automatically creates any menus not already existing.
A description of your script, to be displayed in the Procedure Browser.
Your name (the author of the script).
Copyright information.
The date the script was made, or the last revision of the script.
The types of images the script works on. This may be any of the following: RGB, RGBA, GRAY, GRAYA, INDEXED, INDEXEDA. Or it may be none at all — in our case, we're creating an image, and thus don't need to define the type of image on which we work.
Once we have listed the required parameters, we then need to list the parameters that correspond to the parameters our script needs. When we list these params, we give hints as to what their types are. This is for the dialog which pops up when the user selects our script. We also provide a default value.
This section of the registration process has the following format:
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Param Type |
Description |
Example |
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If your script operates on an open image, this should be the first parameter after the required parameters. GIMP will pass in a reference to the image in this parameter. |
3 |
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If your script operates on an open image, this should be the
second parameter after the |
17 |
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Accepts numbers and strings. Note that quotes must be
escaped for default text, so better use
|
42 |
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Accepts strings. |
"Some text" |
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Indicates that a color is requested in this parameter. |
'(0 102 255) |
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A checkbox is displayed, to get a Boolean value. |
TRUE or FALSE |
![[注意]](images/note.png)
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注意 |
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Beside the above parameter types there are more types for the
interactive mode, each of them will create a widget in the control
dialog. You will find a list of these parameters with descriptions and
examples in the test script
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Param Type |
Description |
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Creates an adjustment widget in the dialog. SF-ADJUSTMENT "label" '(value lower upper step_inc page_inc digits type) Widget arguments list
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Creates a color button in the dialog. SF-COLOR "label" '(red green blue) or SF-COLOR "label" "color" Widget arguments list
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Creates a font-selection widget in the dialog. It returns a fontname as a string. There are two new gimp-text procedures to ease the use of this return parameter: (gimp-text-fontname image drawable x-pos y-pos text border antialias size unit font) (gimp-text-get-extents-fontname text size unit font) where font is the fontname you get. The size specified in the fontname is silently ignored. It is only used in the font-selector. So you are asked to set it to a useful value (24 pixels is a good choice). SF-FONT "label" "fontname" Widget arguments list
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It will create a widget in the control dialog. The widget consists of a preview area (which when pressed will produce a popup preview ) and a button with the "..." label. The button will popup a dialog where brushes can be selected and each of the characteristics of the brush can be modified. SF-BRUSH "Brush" '("Circle (03)" 100 44 0) Here the brush dialog will be popped up with a default brush of Circle (03) opacity 100 spacing 44 and paint mode of Normal (value 0). If this selection was unchanged the value passed to the function as a parameter would be '("Circle (03)" 100 44 0). |
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It will create a widget in the control dialog. The widget consists of a preview area (which when pressed will produce a popup preview ) and a button with the "..." label. The button will popup a dialog where patterns can be selected. SF-PATTERN "Pattern" "Maple Leaves" The value returned when the script is invoked is a string containing the pattern name. If the above selection was not altered the string would contain "Maple Leaves". |
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It will create a widget in the control dialog. The widget consists of a button containing a preview of the selected gradient. If the button is pressed a gradient selection dialog will popup. SF-GRADIENT "Gradient" "Deep Sea" The value returned when the script is invoked is a string containing the gradient name. If the above selection was not altered the string would contain "Deep Sea". |
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It will create a widget in the control dialog. The widget consists of a button containing the name of the selected palette. If the button is pressed a palette selection dialog will popup. SF-PALETTE "Palette" "Named Colors" The value returned when the script is invoked is a string containing the palette name. If the above selection was not altered the string would contain "Named Colors". |
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It will create a widget in the control dialog. The widget consists of a button containing the name of a file. If the button is pressed a file selection dialog will popup. SF-FILENAME "label" (string-append "" gimp-data-directory "/scripts/beavis.jpg") The value returned when the script is invoked is a string containing the filename. |
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Only useful in interactive mode. Very similar to SF-FILENAME, but the created widget allows to choose a directory instead of a file. SF-DIRNAME "label" "/var/tmp/images" The value returned when the script is invoked is a string containing the dirname. |
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It will create a widget in the control dialog. The widget is a combo-box showing the options that are passed as a list. The first option is the default choice. SF-OPTION "label" '("option1" "option2") The value returned when the script is invoked is the number of the chosen option, where the option first is counted as 0. |
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It will create a widget in the control dialog. The widget is a combo-box showing all enum values for the given enum type. This has to be the name of a registered enum, without the "Gimp" prefix. The second parameter speficies the default value, using the enum value's nick. SF-ENUM "Interpolation" '("InterpolationType" "linear") The value returned when the script is invoked corresponds to chosen enum value. |
[6]
Before version 2.6, <Toolbox> could be also
used, but now the toolbox menu is removed, so don't use it.
[7] The original, written by Mike, says put the menu entry in the Script-Fu menu of the menu at the Toolbox, but since version 2.6, the Toolbox menu had been removed and merged with the image window menubar.
[8] This section is not part of the original tutorial.
